[623] ¥Í¥ª¥³¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥¨¥Ã¥»¥¤ Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/10/10(Thu) 06:16:30

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America's Messianic War Cult

We have met the hegemony, and he is us

by Matthew Hogan hoganzeroes@aol.com

HIJACKING NATIONAL SECURITY: THE WAR PARTY

Who's flying the plane? --- The probable terrifying final thoughts of many September 11, 2001 victims.

Today, many are asking the same thing about the Bush Administration's subsequent foreign policy. Despite failing to secure Osama bin-Laden's fate, the Administration now careens in search of ever-expanding Executive Branch-initiated war against an "axis of evil." First stop, Iraq.

Of course, there may be a case for war against Iraq. The benefit potential for Iraq alone of ending the rule of Saddam Hussein is obvious. But for those steering the policy, Iraq is only the beginning. And the actual Iraq-specific case for war appears to be of secondary importance to them at best.

Now, who's flying that plane?

President Bush remains the ultimate party responsible, but it is no secret that a factional War Party has won the ears, hearts, and minds of the President, Vice-President, National Security Adviser and Secretary of Defense. As Scott Ritter, the Republican ex-Marine who hounded Saddam's secret weapons group for several years, has warned:

"The national security of the United States of America has been hijacked by a handful of neo-conservatives who are using their position of authority to pursue their own ideologically-driven political ambitions."

Ritter's warning may be understated. The neoconservatives, or "neocons," are some of the most dangerous menaces to America's destiny to come along. Moreover, they are a grave danger to the peace, progress, and security of much of humanity. And their true agenda has features of something that few, if any, have called by a designation that is as alarming as it is accurate: a cult.

Neoconservatism is not merely an ideology, but a cult of war and domination that makes conventional and even ideological "hawks" and "interventionists" look like doves and isolationists. Many of their fellow conservatives fear their aims. For if successful, the neocons' efforts will provoke far more terrorism, leave enormous numbers of Americans and foreigners dying uselessly in endless far-flung wars, trip-up the world's already struggling economy, and midwife a Constitution-shelving national security state.

Outlines of this are seen in a open-ended conflict, military activism which has eschewed Congressional debate and oversight, spikes in oil prices, domestic spying proposals, secret tribunals, citizen detentions without trial, and surging ethnic and religious hatred.

So, what is it that makes these neocons tick? What lies at their core?

There's a single, easy-to-find, and utterly frightening answer to that.

THE BIZARRE CORE OF NEOCONSERVATISM

The single thread can be found, explicit and implicit, in neocon writings and sentiments. These are worth a read, if only to see that the fate of the world may be in the hands of people who are not only dangerous, but actually use the word "hegemon" in conversation.

In an essay in Foreign Affairs in 1996 ("Toward a Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy" July-August 1996), neocon gurus William Kristol and Robert Kagan described their desired goal.

They are seekers of a "global hegemon [ruler]." (Elsewhere neocon writer Charles Krauthammer has called for embracing a "unipolar world".) This world-encompassing hegemon would possess a moral "exceptionalism", i.e. distinct essential moral superiority. It would establish "moral clarity and purpose". It would go forth (hegemonically, we must presume) and find "monsters to destroy". Once empowered, this world-ruler would exercise "benevolent ...hegemony." Nevertheless those otherwise good people who don't actively aid the world-saving hegemon's monster-slaying are guilty of "cowardice and dishonor".

Hang on, it gets weirder.

"The end of history" is how neocon author Francis Fukuyama in his book of the same title has called the period after the collapse of the hegemon's main enemy. William Kristol's father Irving has revealed in his autobiography ("Memoirs of a Trotskyist") that the neocons in their original incarnation saw themselves as the "`happy few' who had been chosen by History to guide our fellow creatures toward a secular redemption."

To find the common thread, we need only connect the dots:

A "benevolent global hegemon" of essentially superior moral character? Who destroys monsters to create a "unipolar world," and imposes "moral clarity" and "purpose"? Who ushers in "the end of history"? Whose acolytes are a vanguard in the militant salvific redemption of the world? What to call such a being?

One word comes to mind . . . a Messiah. And a pretty darn utopian and apocalyptic one at that. That is no exaggerated extrapolation of their vision. And so it is no exaggeration to employ the term "cult." (Recently, writer Thomas Bray in the online Wall Street Journal referred to the AdministrationùÔ goals for Iraq as "messianic".)

The next question: who or what is the neocon's Messiah? Lyndon LaRouche? Leon Trotsky? No. Despite some neocons' earlier affiliations with the aforementioned, the movement is not so crude, nor avowedly illiberal or antidemocratic. The cultic Messiah is an institution. Kristol and Kagan tell us which institution.

The honor of benevolent global hegemony, they write, is to be "America's role." Global redemption will come through "actively promot[ing ] American principles of governance abroad." Krauthammer's "unipolar world" means the period of American sole superpowerhood. The "moral clarity" Kristol and Kagan seek is therefore one that forced -- hegemonically -- upon benighted humanity by the U.S. federal government.

The militarism is real. Charles Krauthammer has recently postulated as constituting one distinctively "conservative" (as opposed to "liberal" ) value: "military power". This is far more than the conservative ideal of strong national defense or honoring military service. The explicit adulation of military power as an end is a new, i.e. "neo-," twist to conservatism, though left-wing critics may not initially notice that.

Meanwhile, neocon Eliot Cohen, in a book the President has very recently read, lionizes historic political leaders who overrule the caution of their professional military establishments. Neocon heroes are those who outwarrior the warriors.

Inspired by the age-old impulse for a political Messiah, the neoconservatives seek to self-righteously impose world redemption through militant imperial American federal government power. In effect then, they are America's Messianic War Cult. And so, after the Twin Towers have fallen, the neocons turn to empire state building.

And God help those "evildoers" who disagree or stand in the way.

The neocons have the energy, and now with Administration allegiance, the firepower to pursue these goals in deadly earnest. Their vision is not limited government conservatism, nor even Big Government left-liberalism. It is Limitless Government insanity.

Predictably enough, cult-like language (e.g. "evildoers") has cropped up in the President's speeches post-9/11. The 2002 State of the Union speech gave us the "axis of evil". That phrase did not come from Christian Evangelical speech-writers as one might expect, but from the neoconnish David Frum. We also increasingly hear a regular insistence upon, rather than a mere responsible recognition of, America's place of leadership in the world.

We have met the hegemony, and he is us.

THE PROBLEMS WITH MESSIAHS

Many may well ask: what's wrong with a little American Messianism? Real monsters are out there and they've come here, drawing much innocent blood. Our values are good for us and the world. Isn't it time for righteous rage?

Rage is one thing, justice another, freedom still another. Nevertheless, they can work together. Hunting a monster who attacked us is a valid use of power to seek justice, protect our freedom, and express our rage. But Messianic missions are wholly different and wholly dangerous.

First of all, Messiahs are best left to God (atheists: insert "if any," here). A genuine Messiah is divinely anointed. Secular ones typically bring with them power-madness, statist totalitarianism, and a penchant for deadly conquest. The fact that the neocon Messiah is the United States national government, and the Messianic rule to be imposed is theoretically liberal democracy, serves as no comfort. Secular Messiahs -- and false religious ones for that matter -- are not known for moral or intellectual consistency.

Lenin was an egalitarian liberator who set up an elitist slave-state. Hitler was a white Germanic pagan racist socialist who nonetheless collaborated with capitalist industrialists, promulgated aristocratic Russian Christian anti-Semitism, and allied himself with Asiatics. Osama bin-Laden purported to be a holy warrior of a religion whose tradition has prided itself on the idea of not waging war on innocents among the enemy.

In earlier incarnations, the neoconservatives in the Reagan Administration seemed to care little for the liberal democracy they claim to revere. This was exemplified by their attitude towards Latin American states allied with the neocons' Messianic twist on Cold War anti-Communism. Jeane Kirkpatrick, to cite one neocon case, seemed never to have met an Argentine junta she did not like. Even when they invaded the Falklands, cultivated fascist ideology, and made numerous dissidents "disappear.".

Political Messianism is hypocritical and dangerous. It first cultivates a visionary ideal for ruling others. Then it acts on that ideal with singular ruthlessness. America should subscribe to neither practice.

IRAQ ATTACK: MESSIAHS DON'T NEED PERMISSION

Returning to the immediate issue of war with Iraq, we should consider that any valid case stands on its own merits regardless of personal and cultic neocon ambitions. Nevertheless, the neocons seem to feel little need to make a persuasive case on the merits regarding invading Iraq. The Administration in turn has only offered to the nation and world pro forma recitations of Saddam Hussein`s known old sins, combined with speculation and threats. The President's statements at the United Nations on September 12 persisted in the failure to go beyond that.

The neoconservatives' Messianic core helps explain this widely noted failure to make a case. In their view, America's right and might to invade and overthrow foreign regimes is a matter of Messianic faith. Therefore, the only issue is one of shoring up American resolve, i.e. the zeal of the acolytes, not the essential moral and practical issues of American vital interests, regional realism, international law, the needs of and for allies, and the problems of military contingency.

That is why neocon cheerleaders seem to be devoting more time and space to encouraging bellicose Administration threats and shouting down critics like New York Times editor Howard Raines and retired General Brent Scowcroft. For the neocons, their Messianic cultism makes it not merely likely, but also downright preferable, that we act without proffering a justification to other powers. After all, the job description for "hegemons" and "Messiahs" doesn't include asking for permission, forgiveness, or help.

As we can see from a look at the record:

* An insider who knows several neocons in the Administration describes them in a September 11 New York Times article as having "a pervasive philosophy of `We have to do what we think is right, ... and when it comes out, the rest of the world will know it's right, too.' "

* "We've got influence, power, prestige, and clout beyond any nation in the history of the world," boasted Richard Armitage, a moderately neoconnish State Department Deputy Secretary of State, to the Washington Post. "It brings forth a certain amount of envy."

* "We are the one truly revolutionary country on Earth," neocon Michael Ledeen chimed in on CNBC recently, braying for war with Iraq, and apparently channeling Leon Trotsky circa 1919. And that revolutionary nature would be "the reason we will successfully transform the lives...of millions in the Middle East."

As such statements reveal, superclout brings forth a certain amount of hubris, as well as envy. Like that seen before Vietnam. Weren't we revolutionary then too? Transforming lives through ever-increasing land war in Asia?

Neocon Messianism seeks "monsters to destroy" abroad. Yet, even as Saddam is added to the list of beasts, bin-Laden and/or his deadly acolytes remain undestroyed after a year. And the threat they pose has not merely been abroad. The neocons' hubris has blinded them to addressing obvious problems in America's reach and prioritization.

ENDLESS WARS OF INTRIGUE: A CONSERVATIVE ANSWERS THE NEOCONS

The best response to the neocons was written in 1997 by Reaganite conservative author William McDougall {http://www.fpri.org/pubs/nightthoughts.199712.mcdougall.neoconswrong.html}, in a reply to neocons Kristol and Kagan. McDougall's words of wisdom were joined with those of John Quincy Adams, our 19th Century President, and prove remarkably prophetic about post-9/11 America, the Executive Branch's unilateral actions regarding Iraq, and the neocons.

First, McDougall addressed the issue of Executive-Branch unilateral tactics:

Woodrow Wilson's complaint [was] that the only way for a president to "compel compliance" from Congress is to get the nation into "such scrapes" and make such "rash promises" abroad that the Senate cannot disavow him without shaming the United States....

McDougall adds that those are the tactics preferred by the neocons.

The [neoconservatives issue] a clarion call that would appear to invite [those] scrapes and rash promises [when they write]: "John Quincy Adams [admonished] that America ought not 'go abroad in search of monsters to destroy.' But why not? The alternative is to leave monsters on the loose, ravaging and pillaging to their heart's content...."

McDougall proceeds to answer Kristol and Kagan's "why not seek out monsters to destroy" in a manner that is both stark and eloquent as a warning:

[If] you go abroad in search of monsters, you will invariably find them even if you have to create them. You will then fight them, whether or not you need to, and you will either come home defeated, or else so bloodied that the American people will lose their tolerance for engagement altogether, or else so victorious and full of yourself that the rest of the world will hate you and fear that you'll name them the next monster.

McDougall is also quick to add in his prophetic piece that John Quincy Adams himself was not out of date in his expressed fear of global monster-hunting. In fact, Adams realistically and also prophetically appraised the attraction and hazards of the overextension of American government power.

The reason not to [search out monsters] is that to do so [Adams says] "would involve the United States beyond the power of extrication, in all the wars of interest and intrigue, avarice, envy, and ambition. . . . America might become the dictatress of the world, but she would no longer be the ruler of her own spirit."

The understandable passions of post-9/11 -- rage against hostile Mideasterners, fear among frustrated Midwesterners, a unifying awakening of national purpose -- give the neocons cover for their cultish ideological coup to remake us into an endlessly warring Messianic dictatress of the world.

Enter then "all the wars of interest and intrigue, avarice, envy, and ambition, beyond the powers of extrication . . . ." Iraq may the first of many of these.

The ultimate price may be nothing less than mass destruction of lives and nations, the needless death of our best and bravest, the loss of the grudging respect we still command, and the irretrievable conversion of the United States into an imperial war state of limitless government for whom the phrase "land of the free" will become merely a battle cry, full of sound and fury.

Signifying nothing.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.spectacle.org/1002/hogan.html


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£±¡£Fareed Zakaria

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The challenge for the world's only superpower

£²¡¢Jeffrey Goldberg

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Hezbollah may be the world's most successful terrorist group. Is it planning a larger war?

£³¡¢Nicholas Lemann

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How the White House changed Condoleezza Rice.

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The Myth Of 'U.N. Support'

By Charles Krauthammer
Friday, October 4, 2002; Page A29


"This nation is prepared to present its case against the Soviet threat to peace, and our own proposals for a peaceful world, at any time and in any forum -- in the Organization of American States, in the United Nations, or in any other meeting that could be useful -- without limiting our freedom of action."

-- President John F. Kennedy, Cuban missile crisis, address to the nation, Oct. 22, 1962

"I'm waiting for the final recommendation of the Security Council before I'm going to say how I'm going to vote."

-- Sen. Edward M. Kennedy, Iraq crisis, address to the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, Sept. 27, 2002

How far the Democrats have come. Forty years ago to the month, President Kennedy asserts his willingness to present his case to the United Nations, but also his determination not to allow the United Nations to constrain America's freedom of action. Today his brother, a leader of the same party, awaits the guidance of the United Nations before he will declare himself on how America should respond to another nation threatening the United States with weapons of mass destruction.

Ted Kennedy is not alone. Much of the leadership of the Democratic Party is in the thrall of the United Nations. War and peace hang in the balance. The world waits to see what the American people, in Congress assembled, will say. These Democrats say: Wait, we must find out what the United Nations says first.

The chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Carl Levin, would enshrine such lunacy in legislation, no less. He would not even authorize the use of force without prior U.N. approval. Why? What exactly does U.N. approval mean?

It cannot mean the U.N. General Assembly, which is an empty debating society. It means the Security Council. Now, the Security Council has five permanent members and 10 rotating members. Among the rotating members is Syria. How can any senator stand up and tell the American people that before deciding whether America goes to war against a rogue state such as Iraq, it needs to hear the "final recommendation" of Syria, a regime on the State Department's official terrorist list?

Or maybe these senators are awaiting the wisdom of some of the other nonpermanent members. Cameroon? Mauritius? Guinea? Certainly Kennedy and Levin cannot be saying that we must not decide whether to go to war until we have heard the considered opinion of countries that none of their colleagues can find on a map.

Okay. So we are not talking about these dots on the map. We must be talking about the five permanent members. The United States is one. Another is Britain, which supports us. That leaves three. So when you hear senators grandly demand the support of the "international community," this is what they mean: France, Russia and China.

As I recently asked in this space, by what logic does the blessing of these countries bestow moral legitimacy on American action? China's leaders are the butchers of Tiananmen Square. France and Russia will decide the Iraq question based on the coldest calculation of their own national interest, meaning money and oil.

Everyone in the Senate wants a new and tough inspection regime in Iraq: anytime, anywhere, unannounced. Yet these three countries, whose approval the Democrats crave, are responsible for the hopelessly diluted and useless inspection regime that now exists.

They spent the 1990s doing everything they could to dismantle the Gulf War mandate to disarm Saddam Hussein. The Clinton administration helplessly acquiesced, finally approving a new Security Council resolution in 1999 that gave us the current toothless inspections regime. France, Russia and China, mind you, refused to support even that resolution; they all abstained because it did not make yet more concessions to Saddam Hussein.

After a decade of acting as Saddam Hussein's lawyers on the Security Council, these countries are now to be the arbiters of America's new and deadly serious effort to ensure Iraqi disarmament.

So insist leading Democrats. Why? It has no moral logic. It has no strategic logic. Forty years ago, we had a Democratic president who declared that he would not allow the United Nations or any others to tell the United States how it would defend itself. Would that JFK's party had an ounce of his confidence in the wisdom and judgment of America, deciding its own fate by its own lights, regardless of the wishes of France.

Or Cameroon.


© 2002 The Washington Post Company

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American soldier killed in Filipino nail bomb attack
By Rupert Cornwell
03 October 2002

A master sergeant in the US army and another person were killed and 20 others, including another American, injured when a nail bomb exploded outside a restaurant frequented by military personnel in the largely Muslim southern Philippines.

In Washington, officials said there was no immediate word on those responsible. The restaurant is in Zamboanga, the base city where US troops are stationed. They helped in operations this year against the local Abu Sayyaf terrorist group, which is linked with Osama bin Laden's al-Qa'ida group that made the September attacks on America.

That six-month offensive, focused on the rebel stronghold of Basilan island, was widely hailed as a success when it was wrapped up in July. But in recent days, several isolated attacks have been made, heightening concerns that the Abu Sayyaf presence in the southern Philippines has not been eradicated.

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Ecstasy-Viagra mix alarms doctors

By Donna Leinwand, USA TODAY

An increasing number of American youths who use the club drug Ecstasy are mixing it with the anti-impotency drug Viagra, leading drug-abuse specialists to warn about the health risks of a combination that users say fuels all-night dancing and marathon sex.

The combined drugs — known in the club scene as "sextasy" — began as a fad among youths in England and Australia. About a year ago, officials of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration began hearing reports that the mixture had become popular in this country's gay party culture.

Now, drug-abuse analysts say, anecdotal reports from across the USA indicate that sextasy has become one the most recent products of a dangerous trend: Young clubgoers taking "cocktail pills" that can include as many as a half-dozen drugs.

Ecstasy, also known as MDMA, is a stimulant with hallucinogenic properties. A U.S. government study in 2001 indicated that about 12% of high school seniors had tried it. That was well less than the usage rate for marijuana, but it represented a huge jump from 1998.

Users in the club and rave scenes say it gives them the energy to dance all night and enhances their senses. But Ecstasy also hinders sexual function. To compensate, some young men take Viagra, a prescription drug normally used to treat men who have decreased sexual function or who are recovering from prostate cancer.

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¡äBritain's last Hong Kong governor and a former Conservative cabinet minister

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¡äcited a metaphor used in an influential article by U.S. strategic analyst Robert Kagan about deep U.S.-European differences on the use of military power.

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¡äIf you've got a gun, on the other hand, you're more likely to shoot the bear.

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¡ähunting the bear armed only with a knife - is actually riskier than lying low and hoping the bear never attacks.

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¢£EU's Patten to US: force alone won't make you safe
September 27, 2002 08:30 AM ET
http://www.reuters.com/news_article.jhtml?type=topnews&StoryID=1505161

Patten, Britain's last Hong Kong governor and a former Conservative cabinet minister, cited a metaphor used in an influential article by U.S. strategic analyst Robert Kagan about deep U.S.-European differences on the use of military power.

"If you're walking through a wood and you see a bear and you don't have a gun, you're liable to think that you can manage to coexist with the bear, and walk smartly in another direction. If you've got a gun, on the other hand, you're more likely to shoot the bear.

"I think it's a metaphor that rather breaks down. After all you may find a situation in which you shoot the bear, only to provoke a lot more bears to come after you," he said.

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http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20020928-00000107-reu-int

¢£Power and Weakness
By Robert Kagan
http://www.policyreview.org/JUN02/kagan_print.html

The psychology of weakness is easy enough to understand. A man armed only with a knife may decide that a bear prowling the forest is a tolerable danger, inasmuch as the alternative - hunting the bear armed only with a knife - is actually riskier than lying low and hoping the bear never attacks. The same man armed with a rifle, however, will likely make a different calculation of what constitutes a tolerable risk. Why should he risk being mauled to death if he doesn't need to?

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¡äBut the need is to recast not abandon international law. The choice is between a remade system that recognises modern values and the new threats to global security or a descent into the Hobbesian state where right is determined by might.

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¡äMadeleine Albright, the US secretary of state under Bill Clinton, on Thursday accused some members of the Bush administration of an "irrational exuberance for this conflict" with Iraq.

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¡ä"It cannot be either the American national interest or the world's interest to develop principles that grant every nation an unfettered right of pre-emption against its own definition of threats to its security," Mr Kissinger said.

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¡äAmericans waited half a century to see the Keynesian economic doctrine of broad state regulation of the commanding heights of the nation's economy replaced by F.A. Hayek and Milton Friedman's market economics.

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¡äBut this month we've witnessed the death of two interrelated U.S. foreign-policy doctrines: containment and United Nations multilateralism.

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¡äMr. du Pont, a former governor of Delaware, is policy chairman of the Dallas-based National Center for Policy Analysis.

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¡äAntiwar Conservatives Challenge Neocons

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¡äBuchanan's new magazine aims to rescue 'hijacked' right

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¡ä57% want the U.S. to give the United Nations more time to get inspectors back into Iraq, and 52% think the U.S. should follow the recommendations of the U.N. when it comes to taking action against Iraq instead of taking action on its own

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¡äTake It Easy," by his friends the Eagles,

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¡äHe was also a busy campaigner for a number of liberal causes, from combating nuclear waste to supporting human-rights groups.

¥«¥Ê¥À¤Î¥Ö¥ë¡¼¥¹¡¦¥³¥Ã¥¯¥Ð¡¼¥ó¤¬¥¸¥ã¥¯¥½¥ó¡¦¥Ö¥é¥¦¥ó¤ò¶¯Îõ¤Ë°Õ¼±¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¤³¤ì¤Ã¤ÆÅö¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¡©

¡ä"In response to terror by fundamentalists we have a fundamentalist-leaning government that has made use of the adversarial conditions in the world to advance their agenda."

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¡ä"It was like if you tell Americans what's happening, they'll do something positive. Unfortunately the lessons of that period of time, it proved exactly the opposite."

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¡ä'I am a Patriot' - a reminder that questioning a government does not equate to lack of love of country.

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¡äHe started spending a lot of time there about six years ago, particularly in Barcelona and Sevilla

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¡äWith what justification can a U.S. peace group call on the most brutal practitioner of military might against peoples of the world (Vietnam, Iraq, Panama, Yugoslavia), and the biggest supplier of weaponry, to carry out military sanctions on any other country? This is a misguided, contradictory, and insupportable position to take

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¤°¤ª¤ª¡¢±Ô¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£¼Â¤Ï»ä¤¬¡Ö¥¢¥á¥ê¥«Ëܡפò¾­Íè½ñ¤¯»þ¤Ï¤³¤³¤é¤Ø¤ó¤Î²òÀâ¤ò¤·¤Ã¤«¤ê¤ä¤í¤¦¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¦¡¦¡¦±Ô¤¤ºê뤵¤ó¤Ëµ¤¤¬ÉÕ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤È¤ê¤¢¤¨¤ºËÜË®½é¸ø³«¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤³¤³¤ÎÊդξҲð¤ÏÆüËܤǻϤá¤Æ¡Ö¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ¤¬¤ä¤Ã¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤ª´ê¤¤¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡Ê¾Ð¡Ë

¥Í¥ª¥³¥ó¤Ï¤â¤¦³§¤µ¤ó¤´Â¸ÃΤÀ¤«¤éÎɤ¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤Þ¤º¥Ú¥¤¥ê¥ª¥³¥ó¤È¤Ï¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë¡Ö¸ÅÀ¸Êª¡¿²½ÀÐÊݼé¡×¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¥Ñ¥Ã¥È¡¦¥Ö¥­¥ã¥Ê¥ó¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡¢¥´¥ê¥´¥ê¤ÎÅÚÃåÊݼé¤Î¤³¤È¤ò»Ø¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤Ç¡¢¼¡¤Ë¥»¥ª¥³¥ó¡Ê¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¥Æ¥ª¥³¥ó¡¢Th¤Îȯ²»¤ËÃí°Õ¡Ë¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¯¤Ë¤¤¤¦½¡¶µ±¦ÇÉ¡¢½¡¶µÊݼé¤Î¤³¤È¤ò¤¤¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¥»¥ª Theo¡¼ ¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ï¡Ö¿À³Ø¡×¤¬ Theo-logy ¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡Ö¿À¤ÎÊݼé¡×¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¡Ö¥»¥ª¥³¥ó¡×¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¾¤Ë¤â¿§¡¹¤Ê¡Ö¡Á¥³¥ó¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¦¡¦¡¦¤½¤Î¾Ò²ð¤Ï¤Þ¤¿¾­Íè¤Ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¡£

ºÇ¸å¤Ë£Ô£Á£Ã¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Ö¥­¥ã¥Ê¥ó¤Îȯ¹Ô¤·¤¿¿·¤·¤¤Êݼé·Ï»¨»ï¡Ö¥¶¡¦¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¥ó¡¦¥³¥ó¥µ¥ô¥¡¥Æ¥£¥Ö¡×The American Conservative ¤ÎƬʸ»ú¤ò¤È¤Ã¤ÆÉÕ¤±¤¿Î¬¾Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ç¤è¤í¤·¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©¼ÁÌ䤢¤ê¤¬¤È¤¦¤´¤¶¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£


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¡ä¢£Antiwar Conservatives Challenge Neocons
Buchanan's new magazine aims to rescue 'hijacked' right
By Jennifer Harper
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
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¤³¤Îµ­»ö¤ÎÃæ¤Çneocon¤È¶¦¤Ëpaleocon,theocon,¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏTAC¤È¤¤¤¦Ã±¸ì¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢ÉßÞ§¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©
paleocon¤Ï¥Ð¡¼¥­¥¢¥ó¤Î»ö¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©
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[611] Jackson Browne;"I think America's been hijacked by the right-wing," Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§£Ù£Ó Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/27(Fri) 21:11:13

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¢£Jackson Browne far from running on empty
By ANGUS MACSWAN

http://www.malaya.com.ph/aug29/ente1.htm

¢£The Naked Ride Home
http://www.jacksonbrowne.com/naked.html

¢£Stop All Sanctions on Iraq!
By CAROLE SELIGMAN

http://www.socialistaction.org/news/200009/iraq.html


[610] ÌäÂê»ù¤Î¼ó°ÌÁ褤¤¬ßõÎõ¤Ë Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§£Ù£Ó Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/27(Fri) 08:50:45

¢£Philip Stephens: The world needs new rules
By Philip Stephens
Published: September 26 2002 20:10 | Last Updated: September 26 2002 20:10

http://bbs11.otd.co.jp/1101539/bbs_plain?base=5769&range=1

¢£Albright laments rash 'exuberance' over Iraq
By James Harding in Washington
Published: September 26 2002 20:37 | Last Updated: September 26 2002 20:37

http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1031119699649&p=1012571727102

¢£A Doctrine Dies
President Bush buries liberal multilateralism.
BY PETE DU PONT
Thursday, September 26, 2002 12:01 a.m. EDT

http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pdupont/?id=110002339

¢£Antiwar Conservatives Challenge Neocons

Buchanan's new magazine aims to rescue 'hijacked' right
By Jennifer Harper
THE WASHINGTON TIMES

http://www.washtimes.com/national/20020925-90275954.htm

¢£Poll: No Rush To War
NEW YORK, Sept. 24, 2002

http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/09/24/opinion/polls/main523130.shtml


[609] ¥Þ¥¸¤ÇÅܤäƤ¿¥À¥Ã¥·¥å¥ë Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/26(Thu) 17:19:05

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Daschle Angered By Bush Statement
President 'Politicizing' Security Issue, He Says

By Jim VandeHei
Washington Post Staff Writer
Thursday, September 26, 2002; Page A01


Senate Majority Leader Thomas A. Daschle (D-S.D.) blasted President Bush yesterday for "politicizing" the debate over national security and demanded he apologize for contending that the Democratic-controlled Senate is "not interested in the security of the American people."

Saying Bush is trying to exploit talk of war and anti-terrorism for political gain, Daschle said the president's "outrageous" comments undermine efforts to win broad, bipartisan support for the congressional resolution Bush seeks to give him leeway to attack Iraq unilaterally.


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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A3237-2002Sep25.html


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[600] ´¶¼Õ¤ò¹þ¤á¤Æ¤Þ¤È¤á¤Æ¥É¥ó Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§£Ù£Ó Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/24(Tue) 18:04:46

¡úAnnie Hall get your gun
How Woody Allen turned into John Wayne and changed the face of American conservatism
Ian Buruma
Tuesday September 17, 2002
The Guardian

http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,793419,00.html


¢£The last emperor
One thing was made crystal clear yesterday: there is no other authority than America, no law but US law
Polly Toynbee
Friday September 13, 2002
The Guardian

http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,791294,00.html

¢£How hawks captured the White House
When the Soviet threat vanished, the purpose of American foreign policy seemed to go with it - until September 11 and Iraq's regime
Frances FitzGerald
Tuesday September 24, 2002
The Guardian

http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,797608,00.html


¢£There are alternatives to war on Iraq
By Michael Quinlan
Published: September 23 2002 20:26 | Last Updated: September 23 2002 20:26

http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1031119577843&p=1012571727126

¢£Neo-conservatives and pro-Israel lobby working to destabilize Middle East
By Barbara Ferguson, Arab News Correspondent

http://www.arabnews.com/Article.asp?ID=18592

¢£Is Saddam Hussein
Really The Issue?
By Norman Ravitch, Ph.D.

http://toogoodreports.com/column/reader/ravitch/20020924.htm


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[598] Arsenal ¤µ¤ó¤Ø Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/24(Tue) 12:19:14

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¤ªµ×¤·¤Ö¤ê¤Ç¤¹¤Ê¤¡¡£Îã¤ÎÏÀʸ¤Î¤Û¤¦¤Ï¤É¤¦¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£

¡äEuropean stars such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus were introduced to American readers through the Review.

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¡äThat kept him head-down at the Review, even if he had to answer the telephone himself, and he and his wife Edna had to do part-time teaching to pay the phone bill.

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¡äBut William Phillips and Philip Rahv were among the first on the left to acknowledge that liberty was being crushed in the Soviet Union

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¡äThey opposed isolationism in America: a notable essay by George Orwell gave warning of German expansionism under Hitler.

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¡ä The great debate between left and right had faded into gentle sparring between conservatives and liberals, and it was sometimes difficult to tell the difference.

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¡äThe rises of imperialism, fascism and communism are as much components of his life as subjects of his books, and have turned Hobsbawm into a 'lifelong communist'.

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¡äAt Cambridge, he joins both the Communist Party in 1936 and the elite academic club, the Apostles

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¡äCondemns the 1956 invasion of Hungary and moves away from the British to the Italian Communist Party.

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¡äThe Age of Empire (1987).

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¡äIn 1994, he produces his history of the 'short twentieth century' The Age of Extremes

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¡äEmpireµÄÏÀÌÌÇò¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡½¡¢

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¡äJonathan Freedland¤È¤¤¤¦¥¬¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¢¥ó¤Îµ­¼Ô¤Ï¼«¾Î¡¦¥ê¥Ñ¥Ö¥ê¥«¥ó¤Çº£Ç¯¤Î½÷²¦Â¨°Ì£µ£°¼þǯ¤Îº×ŵ¤ä¤é¤Ç±Ñ¹ṉ̃¤¬Ç®¶¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤òò¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿

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¡ä¤¿¤·¤«²¿½µ´Ö¤«Á°¤ÎThe Economist¤Ç¡ÖÏ·¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¯²¤½£¡Ê¤ÈÆüËܡˤȼ㡹¤·¤¤¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤ÊÆý¸¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Êµ¤¤¬¤·¤Þ¤¹

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[597] ½ïÊý¤µ¤ó¤ÎÏÀʸ¡§¤½¤Î1 Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/24(Tue) 11:53:26


[596] ½ïÊý¤µ¤ó¤ÎÏÀʸ¡§¤½¤Î£² Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/24(Tue) 11:52:26


[595] ½ïÊý¤µ¤ó¤ÎÏÀʸ¡§¤½¤Î£³ Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/24(Tue) 11:51:40


[594] µ×¤·¤Ö¤ê¤Î½ñ¤­¤³¤ß Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§Arsenal Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/24(Tue) 00:46:47

¤ªµ×¤·¤Ö¤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
The Economist¤è¤êë¾Êó¾ðÊó¡£Partisan Review¤ÎWilliam Phillips¤¬»àµî¤·¤¿ÌÏÍÍ¡£

http://www.economist.com/people/displayStory.cfm?story_id=1336682

¤â¤Ò¤È¤Ä¡£The Observer¤è¤ê±Ñ¹ñ¤Îº¸ÍãÎò»Ë²È¥Û¥Ö¥º¥Ü¡¼¥àÆý¸¡£¤É¤¦¤â¼«ÅÁ¤ò½Ð¤·¤¿¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

http://www.observer.co.uk/comment/story/0,6903,796531,00.html

¥Û¥Ö¥º¥Ü¡¼¥à¤Î¿ÍÀ¸

http://www.observer.co.uk/comment/story/0,6903,796533,00.html

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EmpireµÄÏÀÌÌÇò¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡½¡¢¤ä¤Ã¤Ñ¤ê¡£¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë£±£¸Æü¤ÎJonathan Freedland¤È¤¤¤¦¥¬¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¢¥ó¤Îµ­¼Ô¤Ï¼«¾Î¡¦¥ê¥Ñ¥Ö¥ê¥«¥ó¤Çº£Ç¯¤Î½÷²¦Â¨°Ì£µ£°¼þǯ¤Îº×ŵ¤ä¤é¤Ç±Ñ¹ṉ̃¤¬Ç®¶¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤òò¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
¥í¡¼¥Þ¡¢Âç±ÑÄë¹ñ¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤òÈæ³Ó¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢ÌÌÇò¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤Í¡£Freedland¤Ï½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¤±¤É¡¢¿Í¸ýÏÀŪ¤Ê´ÑÅÀ¤Ç¤â¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ï¥°¥ó¥°¥ó¿­¤ÓÀ¹¤ê¤Ç¤¹¤·¡£¤¿¤·¤«²¿½µ´Ö¤«Á°¤ÎThe Economist¤Ç¡ÖÏ·¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¯²¤½£¡Ê¤ÈÆüËܡˤȼ㡹¤·¤¤¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤ÊÆý¸¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Êµ¤¤¬¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Ë»¤·¤«¤Ã¤¿¤¿¤á¤«ÌܤòÄ̤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡£


[593] YS¤µ¤ó¤ØÊû¤° Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/23(Mon) 17:26:48

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¡äWOLFOWITZ | I don't like the label "hawk" because it suggests someone who is eager to go to war at any time with anybody. That certainly is not me.

¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤ë¤¢¤¿¤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£¤ª¤¤¤ª¤¤¡¢¥Û¥ó¥Þ¤«¤¤¤Ê¤È¤¤¤¦´¶¤¸¤Ç¤¹¡£¤½¤ì¤Ï¿ì¤Ã¤Ñ¤é¤¤¤¬¡Ö¤ª¤ì¤Ï¿ì¤Ã¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤À¤è¡¼¤ó¡×¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ë¶á¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤Ê(¾Ð

http://www.npq.org/archive/2002_summer/wolfowitz.html


[592] ¥­¥Ã¥·¥ó¥¸¥ã¡¼¤Îȯ¸À Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/22(Sun) 16:34:08

º£²ó¤Î¥¤¥é¥¯¹¶·â¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥­¥Ã¥·¥ó¥¸¥ã¡¼¤ÎΩ¾ì¤¬¤¢¤ä¤Õ¤ä¤À¤È¤¤¤¦Ï䬣¹·î¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Î¤³¤íÉÑÈˤ˥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Çή¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢º£Æü¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¿CNBC¤ÎºÆÊüÁ÷¤ÎÈÖÁȤǡ¢¥­¥Ã¥·¥ó¥¸¥ã¡¼¤ÏÎã¤Î²ó¤ê¤¯¤É¤¤¸À¤¤Êý¤Ç¡Ö¥Ö¥Ã¥·¥åÀ¯¸¢¤ÎÊý¸þ¡Ê¥¤¥é¥¯À¯¸¢¤¹¤²Âؤ¨¡Ë¤Ë¤Ï»¿À®¤À¡×¤È¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤êÌÀ¸À¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

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[591] YS¤µ¤ó¤Ø Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/22(Sun) 16:00:57

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[590] Ķ¤ª´«¤á¤Ç¤¹¡£ Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§£Ù£Ó Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/22(Sun) 07:13:48

September 22, 2002

The Sunshine Warrior
By BILL KELLER

http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/22/magazine/22WOLFOWITZ.html?8hpist=&pagewanted=print&position=top


[589] ÊÖ¿® Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/21(Sat) 13:19:21

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¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Ù¥ó¥µ¥àȯ¾Í¤Î Utilitarianism ¡Ê¸ùÍø¼çµÁ¡Ë¤ò¡¢¥í¡¼¥ë¥º¤¬Â礭¤¯Æó¤Ä¤Îή¤ì¡ÊAct¤ÈRule¡Ë¤Ë¤ï¤±¤Æ¼çÃø¡ÖÀµµÄÏÀ¡×¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÏÀ¤¸¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë좤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤¦¤¤¤¦¤È¤³¤í¤Ï¤µ¤¹¤¬¹âµé»æ¤ÎFT¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤Î·Ç¼¨ÈĤǤâ°ÊÁ°¡¢¤³¤ÎÏÃÂê¤Ë¿¨¤ì¤¿¤È»×¤Ã¤¿¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¦¡¦¡¦¤¤¤Ä½ñ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤«Ëº¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

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¡ä¥¢¥áÀ¯¥ª¡¼¥ë¥¹¥¿¡¼¥º¶¦±é¤Ç¤¹¡£

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¡äEarlier this year Krauthammer told the New York Times, "People are coming out of the closet on the word 'empire'." He argued that Americans should admit the truth and face up to their responsibilities as the undisputed masters of the world. And it wasn't any old empire he had in mind

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¡ä"From the time the first settlers arrived in Virginia from England and started moving westward, this was an imperial nation, a conquering nation," according to Paul Kennedy, author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers

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¡äAccording to Chalmers Johnson, author of Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, these US military bases, numbering into the hundreds around the world, are today's version of the imperial colonies of old. Washington may refer to them as "forward deployment", says Johnson, but colonies are what they are.

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¡äRome understood that, if it is to last, a world power needs to practise both hard imperialism, the business of winning wars and invading lands, and soft imperialism, the cultural and political tricks that work not to win power but to keep it.

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¡äJust as Washington's elite private schools are full of the "pro-western" Arab kings, South American presidents or African leaders of the future, so Rome took in the heirs of the conquered nations' top families, preparing them for lives as rulers in Rome's interest

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¡äSome accounts suggest that the rebels were not always fundamentally anti-Roman; they merely wanted to share in the privileges and affluence of Roman life.

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¡äUS politicians always like to end their speeches with "God bless America."

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¡äRaised to see themselves as a rebel nation and plucky underdog, they can't quite accept their current role as master.

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¡äWhat America will need to consider in the next 10 or 15 years," says Cambridge classicist Christopher Kelly, "is what is the optimum size for a nonterritorial empire, how interventionist will it be outside its borders, what degree of control will it wish to exercise, how directly, how much through local elites? These were all questions which pressed upon the Roman empire."

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¡äBecause by 1974, this writer predicted, Britain would have fallen to a similar decay and ruin as ancient Rome. The torch of economic and global power would have passed to the empire of America

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¡äLike every other western empire that has ever existed, Americans may claim to have inherited the mantle of ancient Rome. And they have certainly provided themselves with a Senate, a Capitol, and an eagle for an emblem.

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¡äAmerican empire has always mirrored British empire while in the end exceeding it

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¡äLinda Colley is Leverhulme research professor of history at the London School of Economics

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¢§Angelix¤µ¤ó¤Ø

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[588] ¥Ü¥í¥«¥¹¤Ë¸À¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ä¤¤¤Ç Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§Angelix Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/21(Sat) 11:03:33

Said ¤Ï¡¤¥Ñ¥ì¥¹¥Á¥Ê½Ð¿È¤È¤¤¤¦À¸¤¤Î©¤Á¤Þ¤Çº¾¾Î¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤«¤¤¤¦ÏäˤʤäƤ¤¤Þ¤¹¤Í¤¨¡¥
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[587] ¤â¤Ò¤È¤Ä¡¢¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ¤µ¤ó¤ËÊû¤°¡Ê¤³¤ì¤ÏAresenal¤µ¤ó¤«¤Ê¡Ë Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§£Ù£Ó Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/20(Fri) 14:16:22

What Britannia taught Bush

In Wednesday's G2, Jonathan Freedland argued that America is the new Roman empire. Historian Linda Colley says there are stronger parallels closer to home

Friday September 20, 2002
The Guardian

http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,795493,00.html


[586] ¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ¤µ¤ó¤ËÊû¤° Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§£Ù£Ó Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/20(Fri) 13:55:21

Charles Krauthammer¤ËPaul Kennedy¤ËChalmers Johnson¤âÅо졣
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Rome, AD ... Rome, DC?

They came, they saw, they conquered, and now the Americans dominate the world like no nation before. But is the US really the Roman empire of the 21st century? And if so, is it on the rise - or heading for a fall? Jonathan Freedland sifts the evidence

Wednesday September 18, 2002
The Guardian

http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,794163,00.html


[585] Re[584]: Uni +¡¡Uni¡¡vs.¡¡Multi¡¡? Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§£Ù£Ó Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/20(Fri) 13:36:03

¡äHere, one has to concede, to use the terminology of John Rawls, that there might be a distinction between "act unilateralism" and "rule unilateralism".(¤ª¤ª¤Ã¡¢¤¦¤Þ¤¤¡ª¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤Èů³Ø¡¦»×ÁÛ¤òÊÙ¶¯¤·¤¿¿Í¤Ë¤Ï¤¿¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤¤ì¢¤¨¤Ç¤¹)

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White House reacts strongly against German minister's comparison of Bush to Hitler
Thursday, September 19, 2002

(09-19) 14:28 PDT WASHINGTON (AP) --

http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/a/2002/09/19/national1423EDT0712.DTL


[584] YS»á¤ØÊû¤°¡§¡¡Uni¡¡vs.¡¡Multi¡¡? Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/20(Fri) 11:54:46

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Gerard Baker: America 's new bargain
By Gerard Baker

Published: September 18 2002 20:58 | Last Updated: September 18 2002 20:58

The spectacle of France and Russia dutifully jumping through hoops Saddam Hussein has set for them at the UN Security Council serves only to emphasise how significant was the victory Colin Powell secured last week in formulating the US approach to a showdown with Iraq.

The hawkish crowd at the Pentagon and in the White House had warned all along about precisely this risk. Going the UN route would leave US national security interests at the mercy of the cunning Iraqis, the calculating Russians and the cavilling French, they said. But the secretary of state and his supporters inside and outside the administration assured President Bush they could handle the diplomatic gymnastics necessary to get around Iraq's manoeuvrings.

And last week, in what even critics acknowledge was one of the most persuasive and impressive performances by any US president at the UN, Mr Bush carefully placed the US on the diplomatic path. Assuming (as diplomats were on Wednesday) that the current Franco-Russian obstructionism is only a bit of posturing, the no-longer-underrated Mr Powell should still be able to make good on his promise.

That is not to say, as some believe, that the US has turned away from a confrontation with Iraq. The genius of the speech was that, without deflecting the US from its ultimate aim of eliminating Mr Hussein, it gave the rest of the world the cover it needs to get on board the US-led bandwagon.

The events of the last week have shed much new light on the dynamic equilibrium of the international system in the post-cold war, post-September 11 world. It would be wrong to assume that the UN démarche is a victory for multilateralism; but it would be equally wrong to suppose it marked a thinly disguised triumph for US unilateralism. (!!!!!)

In fact the unilateralism/multilateralism dichotomy supposedly brought into play by the combination of the arrival of the Bush administration and the acts of the September 11 terrorists was always something of a false dialectic. In truth, we are all a bit unilateralist and a bit multilateralist. The precise balance is determined by our military and political ability to get our way.

Is there a single neo-conservative in Washington, who, given the choice between acting alone, for all America's undeniable might, and acting with the support of other nations, would not choose to get international support? Is there a single country in Europe or the Arab world that, faced with what it believed to be a profound threat to its security, and armed with the capacity to neutralise it, would not do so, even if the "international community" opposed it?

Here, one has to concede, to use the terminology of John Rawls, that there might be a distinction between "act unilateralism" and "rule unilateralism".(¤ª¤ª¤Ã¡¢¤¦¤Þ¤¤¡ª¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤Èů³Ø¡¦»×ÁÛ¤òÊÙ¶¯¤·¤¿¿Í¤Ë¤Ï¤¿¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤¤ì¢¤¨¤Ç¤¹) Countries committed to a multilateral approach might be prepared to pass up acting alone in the face of a grave threat in the interests of maintaining a multilateral cohesion to deal with even bigger threats. But the point is still the same. If the threat is sizeable enough, and if it can be neutralised, few nations would sacrifice themselves on the altar of multilateralism.

The essential truth of the modern era is that the US has the power, for the most part, to achieve its aims; other nations do not. But, as the Iraq issue demonstrates, the equation is more complex than that. The right way to look at it is not some great struggle between multilateralism and unilateralism but as a bargain. The US and the rest of the world each need to decide whether having the US act alone is in their respective interests.

The factors in this decision are twofold - the risk of instability on one side and the risk of irrelevance on the other.

Instability and its consequence - the emergence of a longer-term threat to its security - is the risk the US must always weigh when it considers what action to take in promoting its own interests. The military planners and neo-conservative hardliners may have been confident about the likely success of any operation in Iraq - both in military and broader political terms. But they could never quite banish the nagging doubt that, if the US acted alone (or with Britain, which amounts almost to the same thing) it would stoke violent anti-American sentiment in the region and increase global instability in a way that would come back to haunt them.

The rest of the world faced its own persistent doubt. The Arab nations, the Europeans, the Russians and the Chinese may have believed that unilateral US action would light a fire of instability in the region. But they could never quite extinguish the nagging fear that the US hawks might be right after all - that a quick victory in Baghdad would knock down one of the largest obstacles towards democratic progress and peace throughout the Middle East. If that happened these nations would confront the nightmare reality that they are, essentially, irrelevant in the great edifice of the international system. The US really could get its way.

And so a bargain was struck. By bringing the rest of the world on board through some ingenious diplomatic language and measures at the UN, the US has limited the risk of instability if it strikes Saddam Hussein. With the Saudis now saying they could back US action, presumably to be followed by other Arab states, the chances of a catastrophe have fallen.

At the same time, by clambering aboard the US-led bandwagon, the rest of the world has kept alive its faith in its relevance in a unipolar world. Other governments can say, with some plausibility, that it was only their support for or acquiescence in a US-led campaign that ensured its success and a broader stability as a result. If both sides can only hold to it, it should, like all good bargains, make everybody better off.

¡ÊŽ¤êÉÕ¤±¤ª¤ï¤ê¡Ë

http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1031119437772


[583] 椤¤Ç²Ô¤°¥ê¥Ð¡¼¥¿¥ê¥¢¥óÅÞ Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§¤ª¤¯¤ä¤Þ Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/20(Fri) 11:31:18

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CARLSON: Welcome back. Here at CROSSFIRE we keep abreast of the issues. We track candidate's political assets and we uncover interesting political trends.

We also use a lot of puns.

Frankly, we've also discovered that sex sells, as have some members of the Libertarian Party.

It's safe to say the most eye-catching thing about a North Carolina State House candidate, her Web site isn't her platform. But Rachel Mills didn't stop there. She put together a revealing calendar featuring herself and 11 other lovely Libertarian ladies.

Rachel Mills joins us now from Raleigh, North Carolina. Welcome.

RACHEL MILLS (L), LIBERTARIAN CANDIDATE: Hi.

CARVILLE: Rachel, just a little political housekeeping here. As a Libertarian you would not have any pornography laws that don't relate to child pornography, would you?

MILLS: Child pornography?

CARVILLE: You'd would outlaw child pornography, but would have no other pornography laws, right?

MILLS: Oh, right. As long as you're not hurting anybody or taking their stuff, you know, why is it the government's business?

CARVILLE: What about marijuana?

MILLS: Marijuana, I think honest science proves that it's harmless just like alcohol, in the same way.

CARVILLE: So what is -- I actually think it was a pretty kind of -- tell us, you got 11 other Libertarian women to pose, I want to say it was in a bathing suit; not even a two-piece bathing suit, a one- piece bathing suit, right?

MILLS: Not exactly bathing suits. Actually, we posed in bra and panties. In some of the pictures, the costuming was added afterwards.

CARLSON: Well, Rachel Mills, here's my problem with it. I mean, I'm all for bra and panty calendars, but as a long-time on-and-off Libertarian candidate -- not candidate -- voter. Often vote for Libertarian candidates, people always say, well, gee whiz, the Libertarian Party frankly, a bunch of cranks with weird personal lives. Kind of a fringe party.

I'm not sure a semi-nude calendar helps me make the point that, no, it's a serious party.

MILLS: Well, no it wouldn't for you, Tucker because we are personally liberal and economically conservative. So you'll find, Tucker, that you'll agree with us on financial issues. And James, you will agree with us on personal issues. Am I right?

CARVILLE: Well, I certainly agree with the calendar. (¾Ð)I'll tell you that right now. We're all for that calendar.

CARLSON: Rachel, I went to your Web site hoping for nudity, and instead found this. Let me read it to you: "Introducing the North Carolina Ladies of liberty. Their turn-ons are long walks on the beach, candle-lit dinners and free-market economies."

And I'm wondering,which free-market economy turns you on most? Does Hong Kong just send you over the top? Tell us about that.

MILLS: You know, right now I like Russia, actually, because they just passed a 13 percent flat tax, and their economy is soaring. You know, it's...

CARLSON: That does it for you?

MILLS: That does it for me.

Their economy has grown at like a rate 5 percent while we're struggling in this quagmire. It's sad that we're not leaders anymore, but we can at least follow a good example.

CARVILLE: Rachel, I'll tell you what I admire about you, is Tucker and Bob Novak sit here and defend millions of dollars that pharmaceutical companies, cigarette companies and God knows what else, and Enrons contribute to the Republican Party. Yet they find it offensive that you're picking up 20 bucks by posing for a calendar. I think you are for more good government than the entire Republican Congress they have up there, and I congratulate you on a fun, harmless way to raise money for your campaign.

MILLS: Thank you very much James. This is truly grassroots. I don't think anyone can criticize me for raising 20 bucks at a time.

(CROSSTALK)

MILLS: No, no, you two are going to have to play nice in the sand box, one at a time.

CARLSON: James is trying to group me with the forces of calendar repression, the anti-calendar side, and I'm not there. But I wonder when, you know, if it doesn't, in some sense, demean you as a female candidate -- I'm speaking as a long-time, pretty committed feminist, here -- demean you as a female candidate to be posing. You don't see a lot of men there in their little briefs selling calendars of themselves.

MILLS: Well, I'd love to do a "Sons of Liberty" calendar very soon. I'm all for equal opportunity and freedom of expression.

CARVILLE: Let me say this: If I was as good looking as you was, I would pose for a calendar. I don't think anybody wants to see an almost 58-year-old man pose for a calendar. But I congratulate you. I wish more politicians would pose for calendars to get campaign contributions as opposed to going to all these special interest groups.

CARLSON: Well Rachel, do you have fears that this kind of fund- raising, the semi-nude kind, will raise objections from the campaign finance advocates? Will McCain-Feingold allow this?

MILLS: I've already checked with the State Board of Elections, and they said that this is the same as giving someone a signed picture of the president when they send a contribution. This is no different, and they are fine with it.

CARVILLE: I'll tell you what Rachel, you are the best. We enjoyed having this segment with you, and we'll be looking forward -- we'll know what the day is every day at CROSSFIRE because we'll have your calendar.

Thank you very much.

¡Ê°úÍѤª¤ï¤ê¡Ë

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http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0209/18/cf.00.html


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On Tuesday an increasingly desperate Kim Jong Il met Koizumi's asking price for the visit: a symbolically important confession that North Korea had kidnapped 11 Japanese citizens about 25 years ago and a promise to extend a moratorium on missile tests beyond its scheduled end in 2003. Those concessions unlocked talks on diplomatic relations and economic aid.

Koizumi went home able to phone Bush with that important, good news. And able to enjoy at least one day on which his countrymen were not talking only about the lousy economy.

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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36909-2002Sep18.html


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http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/index.asp


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Fictional Rift

By Charles Krauthammer
Friday, September 13, 2002; Page A39


So much for the great Republican split over Iraq. Just weeks ago, we were told that dissenters included the old-guard heavyweights: Brent Scowcroft, Henry Kissinger, James Baker, Dick Armey and, heaviest of all, Colin Powell. Let's review the lineup.

Scowcroft wrote a Wall Street Journal op-ed warning against war on Iraq on the grounds that it would irrevocably damage the war on terrorism. Yet on Monday he told CNN's Judy Woodruff, "The direction the president is taking, I think, is exactly the right direction, to reach out, to get our friends, to get our allies, to get the U.N. involved. That's exactly what I was trying to get across."

Scowcroft explained: "I'm not saying don't go after him [Saddam Hussein]. I'm saying let's put it all in perspective and remember that when we go after him, we need to have the support of the world community behind us because we need that support for the war on terrorism." In other words, his original objection was to naked unilateralism on Iraq because it would fracture the worldwide coalition that Bush had assembled for the war on terrorism. Now that it is clear the administration is going to make a full-court press for allied and some kind of U.N. support, Scowcroft is on board.

Kissinger's opposition to war on Iraq was a fiction in the first place -- a case of misidentification, to use the more polite term of New York Times columnist Bill Keller and former managing editor Seymour Topping. The Times, which had made that claim on its front page, admitted in a belated correction that it had "listed Mr. Kissinger incorrectly among Republicans who were warning outright against a war."

Nonetheless, the editors' note insisted that they had gotten right the essence of Kissinger as a critic of Bush's Iraq policy: "Most centrally, Mr. Kissinger said that removing Mr. Hussein from power -- Mr. Bush's justification for war -- was not an appropriate goal."

This is comical. If this is the central distinction between Kissinger and Bush, why was there not a single mention of it in the two front-page stories the Times ran trumpeting Kissinger's alleged opposition to the Bush policy? You'd think the place for the central disagreement might be the front-page articles on that very disagreement, rather than a paragraph tucked 21/2 weeks later into an editors' note in the corrections column.

Moreover, this post facto claim is simply false. Kissinger says that regime change in Iraq is an appropriate goal. The point he made in his syndicated column, and which he continues to make, is that in its "declaratory policy" -- i.e., public posture -- the United States should emphasize weapons destruction rather than regime change in order to garner allies for the war. But our actual policy is to achieve both. After all, the goals are inseparable. Given the nature of Hussein's rule, destroying these weapons requires regime change.

So much for Kissinger. What, then, is left of the great Republican split? James Baker? Baker has said that "the only realistic way to effect regime change in Iraq is through the application of military force" but has argued for going first to the United Nations. Now that we are, in fact, following the Baker recommendation, what is the basis for calling him an opponent?

That leaves Colin Powell, supposedly the epicenter of internal opposition to the hard line on Iraq. Well, this is Powell last Sunday on national television: "It's been the policy of this government to insist that Iraq be disarmed. . . . And we believe the best way to do that is with a regime change." Moreover, he added, we are prepared "to act unilaterally to defend ourselves." When Powell, the most committed multilateralist in the administration, deliberately invokes the incendiary U-word to describe the American position, we have ourselves a consensus.

It turns out that the disagreement among Republicans was less about going to Iraq than about going to the United Nations. It was a vastly overblown disagreement, because even the most committed unilateralist would rather not go it alone if possible. Of course you want allies. You just don't want to be held hostage to their veto. And as the first President Bush demonstrated when he declared that the United States would liberate Kuwait unilaterally if necessary, the best way to get allies is to let others know you are prepared to go it alone and let them ponder the cost of missing the train.

So what's left of the Republican revolt? Dick Armey, the sage of Lewisville, Tex., has been telling people that, sure, Iraq may have nuclear weapons, but so does France, and if you ask him, he's got more of a problem with France than with Iraq.

The world now waits to see whether the Democrats will join Armey at the barricades.


© 2002 The Washington Post Company

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Politico

Grover Norquist

Conservative Calm

George W. Bush campaigned as a Reagan conservative and has now signed the liberal campaign finance legislation that assaults our First Amendment, enacted a budget-busting farm subsidy bill, created 20,000 new federal employees by federalizing airport security, and placed stiff tariffs on imported steel. Nonetheless, Bush remains popular with conservative voters and has strong support from conservative leaders. Why?

Three reasons. First, like Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush understands the nature and structure of the modern conservative movement. The Reagan Republican Party is a coalition of groups and citizens that want government to leave them alone. Taxpayers, for example, do not want their taxes raised; property owners, likewise, do not want to be told Al Gore now has dominion over their backyards because it turned into a wetland in last night¡Çs rain; homeschoolers and people of faith wish to be left alone to raise their children as they see fit.

The President has kept faith with the primary concerns of each of these groups. Yes, the National Rifle Association, the Right to Life Committee, and nearly all national taxpayers groups opposed the campaign finance bill he signed. But these constituencies vote primarily on their main issues of guns, abortion, and taxes, not campaign finance.

The Bush administration, in other words, has disappointed his base on secondary and tertiary topics of concern, while holding true on the primary issues. Our current President¡Çs father, by contrast, alienated nearly every part of the Reagan coalition on its primary issues. Bush the Elder raised taxes, undermined property rights, signed a ban on so-called ¡Èassault weapons,¡É and poured regulatory burdens on the business community to please environmental and disability activists. Ultimately, he kept faith only with the pro-life groups.

When coalition members are crossed on a secondary issue, they are disappointed. But they generally remain loyal. Crossed on a primary issue, they drift away.

The second reason that the current Bush administration¡Çs deviations from ideological purity have not led to open revolt is that the conservative movement and its leaders are more mature, patient, and competent than they once were. In 1980, Ronald Reagan did what many thought impossible and won the Presidency as a strong conservative. Many conservatives consequently expected all their wishes to be granted—despite Reagan¡Çs reasonably narrow margin of victory, a Democrat-controlled House of Representatives, and a not-very-conservative Senate. In a 1983 symposium published in Policy Review, ten of 12 writers—prominent conservatives all—attacked the Reagan administration as a failure.

In 1994, Newt Gingrich also did what many thought impossible and won Republicans a majority in the House of Representatives. He met with similarly unrealistic expectations on the Right as to what could be accomplished in an era when Republicans held only a tenuous grasp on the Senate, while facing a Democratic President in the White House.

George W. Bush and Dennis Hastert, on the other hand, were not swept into office as heroic conservative revolutionaries. Neither members of Congress nor activists had unrealistic expectations of either man. The normal political disappointments, therefore, have not been seen as gross failures or betrayals. The conservative movement understands that the Democrats have a majority in the Senate, and that not every conservative wish can become reality. It¡Çs not that conservatives have low expectations of Bush and Hastert—they have realistic ones.

The third reason for conservative calm is the lack of alternatives to George W. Bush. There is no governor, House member, or senator who stands as a viable challenger or even point of reference. The one prominent Republican left standing after the 2000 primaries was John McCain. The Arizona senator, however, has destroyed his relationship with the Republican and conservative base through his ceaseless and irrational attacks on President Bush, and his loud assaults on conservative issues. On taxes, guns, religion, even exploring for oil in Alaska, McCain is on the wrong side. Only left-wing magazines now relish the possibility that he might run for President.

George W. Bush has pleased every key Republican constituency on its central issues. The movement has applied realistic expectations to his Presidency. There is no alternative to his leadership. No wonder conservatives seem comparatively content.

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http://www.americanenterprise.org/taeon02e.htm


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Stop the Babel Over Babylon
The real target of Rumsfeld and Cheney is not Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein; it¡Çs really Colin Powell


NEWSWEEK

Sept. 16 issue¡½¡½¡½¡½ President George W. Bush¡Çs speech to the United Nations could not come at a better time. He needs to sell his policy on Iraq to the world. But first it needs to be clear what that policy is.

I, FOR ONE, am pretty confused. On Nov. 26, 2001, Bush declared that ¡ÈSaddam Hussein has agreed to allow inspectors in his country ... he ought to let the inspectors back in.¡É He reiterated this policy in an interview with NEWSWEEK a few weeks later. But recently, in a major speech, Vice President Dick Cheney dismissed the idea of allowing inspectors in, saying that their return ¡Èwould provide false comfort that Saddam was somehow back in the box.¡É He did not explain what had changed since last November to trigger this shift in policy.
Maybe it isn¡Çt a shift in policy. The next day the White House distanced itself from Cheney¡Çs speech, though he soon made another one that was only mildly different. Then Colin Powell explained in an interview with the BBC that the president¡Çs policy was that inspectors must return. Meanwhile Donald Rumsfeld has been saying for months now that inspections would be utterly pointless. Is it all clear now?
Cheney is an able, serious man. He knows that you never rule out options in advance. Why deprive yourself of the tool of inspections, even if only to use as a ploy? You can always use military force if and when inspections fail----and if Cheney and Rumsfeld are right, they will fail.
¡¡¡¡The reason for this seeming irrationality is that the real target of Cheney¡Çs and Rumsfeld¡Çs efforts is not Saddam Hussein but Colin Powell. Their strategy is a bureaucratic one, designed to box in a colleague rather than Iraq¡Çs dictator. Parlor politics have trumped power politics in the Bush administration.
Some supporters of the administration argue that this president¡Çs style is much like that of Franklin D. Roosevelt: allow his advisers to disagree, then pick a position and move on. But this is entirely at odds with everything the White House has told us about Bush¡Çs disciplined management style. (The guy who had FDR¡Çs disorganized style was ... Bill Clinton.) And I cannot recall a single example of Roosevelt¡Çs advisers publicly disagreeing with a policy that the president had repeatedly affirmed. This whole business smells less like flexibility and more like chaos.
The confusion is costly. As in the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, postwar security in Afghanistan and now Iraq, the administration¡Çs divisions have been exploited by the outside world. While American officials bickered, and the president maintained his silence, foreign governments stepped into the breach and voiced their strong opposition to any action in Iraq. The momentum, which since 9-11 was with America, has reversed course.
¡¡¡¡When he was appointed secretary of State in January 1981, Alexander Haig said at his press conference that he was to be ¡Èthe vicar of American foreign policy.¡É By that, Haig explained, he meant that he would have the ¡Ègeneral managership¡É and articulation of policy. That comment is now remembered in jest, because Haig played no such role. But he was right on the principle, and it was only after Ronald Reagan got a secretary of State who had that stature, George Shultz, that American foreign policy gained consistency and strength. Right now, American foreign policy has too many priests. President Bush needs a vicar.
¡¡¡¡If America gets such a person, his---or her---first task should be to explain our policies to the world. America¡Çs allies in Europe, where I spent last week, are confused. They also feel utterly ignored.
The complaint I heard most often from conservative Europeans, who have spent decades supporting U.S. policies, was ¡ÈThis administration can¡Çt be bothered to explain its policies to us and help us persuade our governments to support it.¡É Europe¡Çs anti-American left, on the other hand, is delighted. Washington has become easy to caricature. A year ago people around the world were holding candlelight vigils for the United States. Today the easiest way to get people cheering on the streets is to denounce U.S. policies. And often it is not America¡Çs policies but its highhandedness that upsets people. How else to explain that George Bush, who increased American foreign aid by 50 percent, is the villain of the Johannesburg summit? Or that, despite being the first president to call for a Palestinian state, he is seen as indifferent to the plight of the Palestinians?
The White House has just set up an Office of Global Communications to better sell America to the world. But it is not America that needs articulation; it is this administration. Let Disneyland explain itself. Could we hear more about Iraq?

© 2002 Newsweek, Inc.

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[570] Battle-tanks in the war of ideas Åê¹Æ¼Ô¡§£Ù£Ó Åê¹ÆÆü¡§2002/09/03(Tue) 06:58:14

Battle-tanks in the war of ideas

Online extra: The think-tanks playing a key role in influencing the Bush administration's hawkish approach to foreign policy.

Bulent Yusuf
Sunday September 1, 2002

http://www.observer.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,781387,00.html


The Center for Security Policy
Website: www.security-policy.org


The Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs
Website: www.jinsa.org

¢ªU.S. General Tells Israelis War Will Start by Late November

http://www.jinsa.org/articles/articles.html/function/view/categoryid/1082/documentid/1703/history/3,656,1082,1703


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